This Technical Report provides guidelines for the use of hydrogen in its gaseous and liquid forms as well as its storage in either of these or other forms (hydrides). It identifies the basic safety concerns, hazards and risks, and describes the properties of hydrogen that are relevant to safety. Detailed safety requirements associated with specific hydrogen applications are treated in separate International Standards. “Hydrogen” in this paper means normal hydrogen (1H2), not deuterium (2H2) or tritium (3H2).
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Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Overview of hydrogen applications
4.1 Basic hydrogen infrastructure
4.2 Typical hydrogen system components
4.3 Hydrogen fuel
4.4 Environmental effects
5 Basic properties of hydrogen
5.1 General properties
5.2 Selected thermophysical properties
5.3 Basic combustion properties
6 Safety considerations for the use of gaseous and liquid hydrogen
6.1 General
6.2 Hazards involved as a consequence of the properties of hydrogen
6.3 Factors involved in combustion hazards
6.4 Factors involved in pressure hazards
6.5 Factors involved in low temperature hazards
6.6 Factors involved in hydrogen embrittlement hazards
6.7 Health hazards
6.8 Team approach and education/training needed for the safe use of hydrogen
7 Mitigation and control of hazards and risks
7.1 General mitigation and control of hazards and risk
7.2 Mitigation of design hazards and risks
7.3 Prevention and mitigation of fire and explosion hazards and risks
ISO 11114-4 Transportable gas cylinders — Compatibility of cylinder and valve materials with gas contents — Part 4: Test methods for selecting metallic materials resistant to hydrogen embrittlement
ISO 11119 (all parts) Gas cylinders — Refillable composite gas cylinders and tubes — Design, construction and testing
ISO 14687 (all parts) Hydrogen fuel — Product specification
ISO 11114-4 Transportable gas cylinders — Compatibility of cylinder and valve materials with gas contents — Part 4: Test methods for selecting metallic materials resistant to hydrogen embrittlement
ISO 11119 (all parts) Gas cylinders — Refillable composite gas cylinders and tubes — Design, construction and testing
ISO 14687 (all parts) Hydrogen fuel — Product specification
ISO 16110 (all parts) Hydrogen generators using fuel processing technologies
ISO 16111 Transportable gas storage devices — Hydrogen absorbed in reversible metal hydride
ISO 17268 Gaseous hydrogen land vehicle refuelling connection devices
ISO 19880-1 Gaseous hydrogen — Fueling stations — Part 1: General requirements
ISO 19881 Gaseous hydrogen — Land and vehicle fuel tanks
ISO 19884 Gaseous hydrogen — Cylinders and tubes for stationary storage
ISO 22734 (all parts) Hydrogen generators using water electrolysis process
ISO 26142 Hydrogen detection apparatus — Stationary applications