This document provides illustrative examples of how to apply ISO 14046, in order to assess the water footprint of products, processes and organizations based on life cycle assessment. The examples are presented to demonstrate particular aspects of the application of ISO 14046 and therefore do not present all of the details of an entire water footprint study report as required by ISO 14046.
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Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
4.1 Symbols
4.2 Abbreviated terms
5 Selection of the type of water footprint assessment
5.1 General
5.2 Choice of the type of water footprint study
6 Presentation of the examples
6.1 Example A – Water footprint inventory of two power plants
6.2 Example B - Water footprint inventory of rice cultivation
6.3 Example C – Water scarcity footprint of municipal water management
6.4 Example D – Water scarcity footprint of rice cultivation (cradle-to-gate)
6.5 Example E – Water scarcity footprint of a textile with life cycle stages in different locations
6.6 Example F – Water scarcity footprint of reservoir operation, reflecting seasonality
6.7 Example G – Water scarcity footprint and water availability footprint of packaging production
6.8 Example H – Water scarcity footprint differentiated by source of water
6.9 Example I – Variation of water scarcity by forest management and land use
6.10 Example J - Water eutrophication footprint of maize cultivation, calculated as one or two indicator results
6.11 Example K – Comprehensive water footprint profile of packaging production
6.12 Example L – Non-comprehensive weighted water footprint of cereal cultivation
6.13 Example M - Water footprint of packaging production as part of a life cycle assessment
6.14 Example N – Non-comprehensive water footprint of textile production
6.15 Example O – Non-comprehensive weighted water footprint of municipal water management
6.16 Example P – Non-comprehensive water footprint of a company producing chemicals (organization)
6.17 Example Q – Water scarcity footprint of an aluminium company (organization)
6.18 Example R – Non-comprehensive direct water footprint of a hotel (organization) considering seasonality
7 Issues arising in water footprint studies
7.1 Seasonality
7.2 Use of a baseline
7.3 Evaporation, transpiration and evapotranspiration
7.4 Water quality
7.5 Choice of indicators along the environmental mechanism
7.6 Identification of foreseen consequences of the excluded impacts