The Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology (JCGM) has prepared this document to promote the sound evaluation of measurement uncertainty through the use of the GUM (see clause 2) and to provide an introduction to the GUM Supplements and other documents JCGM is producing: JCGM 101:2008 (see clause 2) and references [3 4 5 6 7]. As in the GUM, this document is primarily concerned with the expression of uncertainty relating to the measurement of a well-defined quantity—the measurand [JCGM 200:2008 (VIM) 2.3]—that can be characterized by an essentially unique true value [JCGM 200:2008 (VIM) 2.11 NOTE 3]. The GUM provides a rationale for not using the term 'true', but this term will be kept in this document when there is otherwise a possibility for ambiguity or confusion. The purpose of the GUM Supplements and the other documents produced by the JCGM is to help with the interpretation of the GUM and enhance its application. The GUM Supplements and the other documents are together intended to have a scope that is considerably broader than that of the GUM. This document introduces measurement uncertainty, the GUM, and the GUM Supplements and other documents that support the GUM. It is directed predominantly at the measurement of quantities that can be characterized by continuous variables such as length, temperature, time, and amount of substance. This introductory document is aimed at the following, including but not limited to It is hoped that it will also be useful to designers, because a product specification that takes better account of inspection requirements (and the associated measurement) can result in less stringent manufacturing requirements. It is also directed at academia, with the hope that more university departments will include modules on measurement uncertainty evaluation in their courses. As a result, a new generation of students would be better armed to understand and provide uncertainty statements associated with measured quantity values, and thus gain an improved appreciation of measurement. This introductory document, the GUM, the GUM Supplements and the other documents should be used in conjunction with the 'International Vocabulary of Metrology—Basic and general concepts and associated terms' and all three parts of ISO 3534 cited in clause 2, which define statistical terms (used in statistics and probability, including applied statistics and design of experiments), and express them in a conceptual framework in accordance with normative terminology practice. The last consideration relates to the fact that the theoretical background of evaluation of measurement data and evaluation of the uncertainty of measurement is supported by mathematical statistics and probability.
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ISO/IEC Foreword
Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 What is measurement uncertainty ?
4 Concepts and basic principles
5 Stages of uncertainty evaluation
6 The formulation stage: developing a measurement model
7 The calculation (propagation and summarizing) stage of uncertainty evaluation
7.1 General
7.2 The GUM uncertainty framework
7.3 Analytic methods
7.4 Monte Carlo method
7.5 Measurement models with any number of output quantities
8 Measurement uncertainty in conformity assessment
9 Applications of the least-squares method
A Acronyms and initialisms
Annex ZZ Corresponding ISO/IEC Guides for the JCGM guidance documents for which their equivalents are not given in the text (informative)
ISO 3534-1:2006 Statistics — Vocabulary and symbols — Part 1: General statistical terms and terms used in probability.
ISO 3534-2:2006 Statistics — Vocabulary and symbols — Part 2: Applied statistics.
ISO 3534-3:1999 Statistics — Vocabulary and symbols — Part 3: Design of experiments.
ISO 3534-1:2006 Statistics — Vocabulary and symbols — Part 1: General statistical terms and terms used in probability.
ISO 3534-2:2006 Statistics — Vocabulary and symbols — Part 2: Applied statistics.
ISO 3534-3:1999 Statistics — Vocabulary and symbols — Part 3: Design of experiments.
JCGM 100:2008 Evaluation of measurement data — Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM). Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology.
JCGM 101:2008 Evaluation of measurement data — Supplement 1 to the "Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement" — Propagation of distributions using a Monte Carlo method. Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology.
JCGM 200:2008 International Vocabulary of Metrology—Basic and general concepts and associated terms, 3rd Edition. Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology