Tässä asiakirjassa määritellään työnsuoritusta koskevat vaatimukset rakenteellisille alumiinikokoonpanoille ja -rakenteille, jotka on valmistettu a) valssatuista levyistä ja nauhasta b) profiileista c) vedetyistä tangoista ja putkista d) takeista e) valuista. HUOM. 1 Rakenteellisten kokoonpanojen toteutusta kutsutaan valmistamiseksi standardin EN 1090-1 mukaisesti. Tässä asiakirjassa määritellyt vaatimukset eivät riipu alumiinirakenteen tyypistä ja muodosta. Asiakirjaa voidaan soveltaa sekä pääasiassa staattisten kuormien rasittamiin rakenteisiin että väsytyskuormitettuihin rakenteisiin. Asiakirjassa määritellään seuraamusluokkiin vaikutusluokkiin yhdistettyjä toteutusluokkia koskevat vaatimukset. HUOM. 2 Seuraamusluokat määritellään standardissa EN 1990. HUOM. 3 Seuraamusluokkaan liittyvän toteutusluokan valintaa koskevat suositukset annetaan standardissa EN 1999-1-1. Tämä asiakirja kattaa osakokoonpanot/kokoonpanot, joiden valmistuksessa on käytetty vähintään 0,6 mm paksuja tuotteita tai vähintään 1,5 mm paksuja hitsattuja kokoonpanoja. Kylmämuovatuista muotolevyistä valmistetuille kokoonpanoille, jotka kuuluvat standardin EN 1090‑5 soveltamisalaan, noudatetaan ensisijaisesti standardin EN 1090‑5 vaatimuksia. Tämä asiakirja koskee rakenteita, jotka on suunniteltu standardin EN 1999 soveltuvien osien mukaan. Jos tätä asiakirjaa sovelletaan muiden suunnittelusääntöjen perusteella suunniteltuihin rakenteisiin tai muihin seoksiin ja toimitustiloihin, joita standardi EN 1999 ei kata, näiden suunnittelusääntöjen luotettavuustekijät pyritään arvioimaan. Tässä asiakirjassa määritellään ennen suojakäsittelyä tehtävää pinnan esikäsittelyä koskevat vaatimukset. Lisäksi opastavassa liitteessä annetaan ohjeita tällaisen suojauksen käyttämisestä. Tässä asiakirjassa annetaan vaihtoehtoja, joiden avulla vaatimukset voidaan määritellä vastaamaan projektikohtaisia vaatimuksia. Tätä asiakirjaa voidaan soveltaa myös alumiinisiin tilapäisrakenteisiin.
Tämän julkaisun valmistelusta Suomessa vastaa Metalliteollisuuden Standardisointiyhdistys ry, puh. 09 19 231 (vaihde).
Sisällysluettelo
Eurooppalainen esipuhe
Johdanto
1 Soveltamisala
2 Velvoittavat viittaukset
3 Termit ja määritelmät
4 Eritelmät ja asiakirjat
4.1 Toteutuseritelmä
4.2 Toteuttajan asiakirjat
5 Käytettävät tuotteet
5.1 Yleistä
5.2 Tunnistaminen, tarkastus- ja ainestodistukset ja jäljitettävyys
CEN ISO/TR 15608:2017 Welding - Guidelines for a metallic materials grouping system (ISO/TR 15608:2017)
CEN ISO/TS 8062-2:2013 Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) - Dimensional and geometrical tolerances for moulded parts - Part 2: Rules (ISO/TS 8062-2:2013, Corrected version 2013-11-01)
EN 1011-1:2009 Welding - Recommendations for welding of metallic materials - Part 1: General guidance for arc welding
CEN ISO/TR 15608:2017 Welding - Guidelines for a metallic materials grouping system (ISO/TR 15608:2017)
CEN ISO/TS 8062-2:2013 Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) - Dimensional and geometrical tolerances for moulded parts - Part 2: Rules (ISO/TS 8062-2:2013, Corrected version 2013-11-01)
EN 1011-1:2009 Welding - Recommendations for welding of metallic materials - Part 1: General guidance for arc welding
EN 1011-4:2000 Welding - Recommendations for welding of metallic materials - Part 4: Arc welding of aluminium and aluminium alloys
EN 10204:2004 Metallic products - Types of inspection documents
EN 1090-2:2018 Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures - Part 2: Technical requirements for steel structures
EN 1090-2:2018+A1 Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures - Part 2: Technical requirements for steel structures
EN 1090-2:2018+A1:2024 Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures - Part 2: Technical requirements for steel structures
EN 12020-1:2008 Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Extruded precision profiles in alloys EN AW-6060 and EN AW-6063 - Part 1: Technical conditions for inspection and delivery
EN 12020-1:2022 Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Extruded precision profiles in alloys EN AW-6060 and EN AW-6063 - Part 1: Technical conditions for inspection and delivery
EN 12020-2:2016 Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Extruded precision profiles in alloys EN AW-6060 and EN AW-6063 - Part 2: Tolerances on dimensions and form
EN 12020-2:2022 Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Extruded precision profiles in alloys EN AW-6060 and EN AW-6063 - Part 2: Tolerances on dimensions and form
EN 1301-1:2008 Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Drawn wire - Part 1: Technical conditions for inspection and delivery
EN 1301-3:2008 Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Drawn wire - Part 3: Tolerances on dimensions
EN 1337-11:1997 Structural bearings - Part 11: Transport, storage and installation
EN 1337-3:2005 Structural bearings - Part 3: Elastomeric bearings
EN 1337-4:2004 Structural bearings - Part 4: Roller bearings
EN 1337-5:2005 Structural bearings - Part 5: Pot bearings
EN 1337-6:2004 Structural bearings - Part 6: Rocker bearings
EN 1337-8:2007 Structural bearings - Part 8: Guide Bearings and Restraint Bearings
EN 14399-10:2018 High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading - Part 10: System HRC - Bolt and nut assemblies with calibrated preload
EN 14399-2:2015 High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading - Part 2: Suitability for preloading
EN 14399-3:2015 High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading - Part 3: System HR - Hexagon bolt and nut assemblies
EN 14399-4:2015 High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading - Part 4: System HV - Hexagon bolt and nut assemblies
EN 14399-5:2015 High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading - Part 5: Plain washers
EN 14399-6:2015 High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading - Part 6: Plain chamfered washers
EN 14399-7:2018 High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading - Part 7: System HR - Countersunk head bolt and nut assemblies
EN 14399-8:2018 High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading - Part 8: System HV - Hexagon fit bolt and nut assemblies
EN 15048-1:2016 Non-preloaded structural bolting assemblies - Part 1: General requirements
EN 15088:2005 Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Structural products for construction works - Technical conditions for inspection and delivery
EN 1559-1:2011 Founding - Technical conditions of delivery - Part 1: General
EN 1559-4:2015 Founding - Technical conditions of delivery - Part 4: Additional requirements for aluminium alloy castings
EN 1706:2020 Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Castings - Chemical composition and mechanical properties
EN 1706:2020+A1:2021 Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Castings - Chemical composition and mechanical properties
EN 1999-1-1:2007 Eurocode 9: Design of aluminium structures - Part 1-1: General structural rules
EN 1999-1-1:2023 Eurocode 9 - Design of aluminium structures - Part 1-1: General rules
EN 1999-1-2:2007 Eurocode 9 - Design of aluminium structures - Part 1-2: Structural fire design
EN 1999-1-2:2023 Eurocode 9 - Design of aluminium structures - Part 1-2: Structural fire design
EN 1999-1-3:2007 Eurocode 9: Design of aluminium structures – Part 1-3: Structures susceptible to fatigue
EN 1999-1-3:2023 Eurocode 9 - Design of aluminium structures - Part 1-3: Structures susceptible to fatigue
EN 1999-1-4:2007 Eurocode 9 - Design of aluminium structures - Part 1-4: Cold-formed structural sheeting
EN 1999-1-4:2023 Eurocode 9 - Design of aluminium structures - Part 1-4: Cold-formed structural sheeting
EN 1999-1-5:2007 Eurocode 9 - Design of aluminium structures - Part 1-5: Shell structures
EN 1999-1-5:2023 Eurocode 9 - Design of aluminium structures - Part 1-5: Shell structures
EN 28839:1991 Mechanical properties of fasteners - Bolts, screws, studs and nuts made of non-ferrous metals (ISO 8839:1986)
EN 485-1:2016 Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Sheet, strip and plate - Part 1: Technical conditions for inspection and delivery
EN 485-3:2003 Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Sheet, strip and plate - Part 3: Tolerances on dimensions and form for hot-rolled products
EN 485-4:1993 Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Sheet, strip and plate - Part 4: Tolerances on shape and dimensions for cold-rolled products
EN 515:2017 Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Wrought products - Temper designations
EN 573-1:2004 Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Chemical composition and form of wrought products - Part 1: Numerical designation system
EN 573-2:1994 Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Chemical composition and form of wrought products - Part 2: Chemical symbol based designation system
EN 573-3:2019 Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Chemical composition and form of wrought products - Part 3: Chemical composition and form of products
EN 573-3:2019+A1:2022 Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Chemical composition and form of wrought products - Part 3: Chemical composition and form of products
EN 573-3:2019+A2:2023 Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Chemical composition and form of wrought products - Part 3: Chemical composition and form of products
EN 586-1:1997 Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Forgings - Part 1: Technical conditions for inspection and delivery
EN 586-3:2001 Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Forgings - Part 3: Tolerances on dimensions and form
EN 754-1:2016 Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Cold drawn rod/bar and tube - Part 1: Technical conditions for inspection and delivery
EN 754-3:2008 Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Cold drawn rod/bar and tube - Part 3: Round bars, tolerances on dimensions and form
EN 754-4:2008 Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Cold drawn rod/bar and tube - Part 4: Square bars, tolerances on dimensions and form
EN 754-5:2008 Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Cold drawn rod/bar and tube - Part 5: Rectangular bars, tolerances on dimensions and form
EN 754-6:2008 Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Cold drawn rod/bar and tube - Part 6: Hexagonal bars, tolerances on dimensions and form
EN 754-7:2016 Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Cold drawn rod/bar and tube - Part 7: Seamless tubes, tolerances on dimensions and form
EN 754-8:2016 Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Cold drawn rod/bar and tube - Part 8: Porthole tubes, tolerances on dimensions and form
EN 755-1:2016 Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Extruded rod/bar, tube and profiles - Part 1: Technical conditions for inspection and delivery
EN 755-3:2008 Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Extruded rod/bar, tube and profiles - Part 3: Round bars, tolerances on dimensions and form
EN 755-4:2008 Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Extruded rod/bar, tube and profiles - Part 4: Square bars, tolerances on dimensions and form
EN 755-5:2008 Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Extruded rod/bar, tube and profiles - Part 5: Rectangular bars, tolerances on dimensions and form
EN 755-6:2008 Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Extruded rod/bar, tube and profiles - Part 6: Hexagonal bars, tolerances on dimensions and form
EN 755-7:2016 Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Extruded rod/bar, tube and profiles - Part 7: Seamless tubes, tolerances on dimensions and form
EN 755-8:2016 Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Extruded rod/bar, tube and profiles - Part 8: Porthole tubes, tolerances on dimensions and form
EN 755-9:2016 Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Extruded rod/bar, tube and profiles - Part 9: Profiles, tolerances on dimensions and form
EN ISO 10042:2018 Welding - Arc-welded joints in aluminium and its alloys - Quality levels for imperfections (ISO 10042:2018)
EN ISO 10642:2019 Fasteners - Hexagon socket countersunk head screws with reduced loadability (ISO 10642:2019)
EN ISO 13918:2018 Welding - Studs and ceramic ferrules for arc stud welding (ISO 13918:2017, Corrected version 2018-05)
EN ISO 13920:1996 Welding - General tolerances for welded constructions - Dimensions for lengths and angles - Shape and position (ISO 13920:1996)
EN ISO 13920:2023 Welding - General tolerances for welded constructions - Dimensions for lengths and angles - Shape and position (ISO 13920:2023)
EN ISO 14555:2017 Welding - Arc stud welding of metallic materials (ISO 14555:2017)
EN ISO 14731:2019 Welding coordination - Tasks and responsibilities (ISO 14731:2019)
EN ISO 14732:2013 Welding personnel - Qualification testing of welding operators and weld setters for mechanized and automatic welding of metallic materials (ISO 14732:2013)
EN ISO 1479:2011 Hexagon head tapping screws (ISO 1479:2011)
EN ISO 1481:2011 Slotted pan head tapping screws (ISO 1481:2011)
EN ISO 15480:2019 Fasteners - Hexagon washer head drilling screws with tapping screw thread (ISO 15480:2019)
EN ISO 15609-1:2019 Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials - Welding procedure specification - Part 1: Arc welding (ISO 15609-1:2019)
EN ISO 15612:2018 Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials - Qualification by adoption of a standard welding procedure specification (ISO 15612:2018)
EN ISO 15613:2004 Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials - Qualification based on pre-production welding test (ISO 15613:2004)
EN ISO 15614-2:2005 Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials - Welding procedure test - Part 2: Arc welding of aluminium and its alloys (ISO 15614-2:2005)
EN ISO 17635:2016 Non-destructive testing of welds - General rules for metallic materials (ISO 17635:2016)
EN ISO 17636-1:2013 Non-destructive testing of welds - Radiographic testing - Part 1: X- and gamma-ray techniques with film (ISO 17636-1:2013)
EN ISO 17636-1:2022 Non-destructive testing of welds - Radiographic testing - Part 1: X- and gamma-ray techniques with film (ISO 17636-1:2022)
EN ISO 17636-2:2013 Non-destructive testing of welds - Radiographic testing - Part 2: X- and gamma-ray techniques with digital detectors (ISO 17636-2:2013)
EN ISO 17636-2:2022 Non-destructive testing of welds - Radiographic testing - Part 2: X- and gamma-ray techniques with digital detectors (ISO 17636-2:2022)
EN ISO 17637:2016 Non-destructive testing of welds - Visual testing of fusion-welded joints (ISO 17637:2016)
EN ISO 17639:2013 Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials - Macroscopic and microscopic examination of welds (ISO 17639:2003)
EN ISO 17639:2022 Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials - Macroscopic and microscopic examination of welds (ISO 17639:2022)
EN ISO 17640:2018 Non-destructive testing of welds - Ultrasonic testing - Techniques, testing levels, and assessment (ISO 17640:2018)
EN ISO 17659:2004 Welding - Multilingual terms for welded joints with illustrations (ISO 17659:2002)
EN ISO 18273:2015 Welding consumables - Wire electrodes, wires and rods for welding of aluminium and aluminium alloys - Classification (ISO 18273:2015)
EN ISO 2009:2011 Slotted countersunk flat head screws - Product grade A (ISO 2009:2011)
EN ISO 21920-3:2022 Geometrical product specifications (GPS) - Surface texture: Profile - Part 3: Specification operators (ISO 21920-3:2021)
EN ISO 25239-2:2020 Friction stir welding - Aluminium - Part 2: Design of weld joints (ISO 25239-2:2020)
EN ISO 25239-3:2020 Friction stir welding - Aluminium - Part 3: Qualification of welding operators (ISO 25239-3:2020)
EN ISO 25239-4:2020 Friction stir welding - Aluminium - Part 4: Specification and qualification of welding procedures (ISO 25239-4:2020)
EN ISO 25239-5:2020 Friction stir welding - Aluminium - Part 5: Quality and inspection requirements (ISO 25239-5:2020)
EN ISO 3452-1:2013 Non-destructive testing - Penetrant testing - Part 1: General principles (ISO 3452-1:2013, Corrected version 2014-05-01)
EN ISO 3452-1:2021 Non-destructive testing - Penetrant testing - Part 1: General principles (ISO 3452-1:2021)
EN ISO 3506-1:2020 Fasteners - Mechanical properties of corrosion-resistant stainless steel fasteners - Part 1: Bolts, screws and studs with specified grades and property classes (ISO 3506-1:2020)
EN ISO 3506-2:2020 Fasteners - Mechanical properties of corrosion-resistant stainless steel fasteners - Part 2: Nuts with specified grades and property classes (ISO 3506-2:2020)
EN ISO 3834-2:2005 Quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials - Part 2: Comprehensive quality requirements (ISO 3834-2:2005)
EN ISO 3834-2:2021 Quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials - Part 2: Comprehensive quality requirements (ISO 3834-2:2021)
EN ISO 3834-3:2005 Quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials - Part 3: Standard quality requirements (ISO 3834-3:2005)
EN ISO 3834-3:2021 Quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials - Part 3: Standard quality requirements (ISO 3834-3:2021)
EN ISO 3834-4:2005 Quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials - Part 4: Elementary quality requirements (ISO 3834-4:2005)
EN ISO 3834-4:2021 Quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials - Part 4: Elementary quality requirements (ISO 3834-4:2021)
EN ISO 4014:2011 Hexagon head bolts - Product grades A and B (ISO 4014:2011)
EN ISO 4014:2022 Fasteners - Hexagon head bolts - Product grades A and B (ISO 4014:2022)
EN ISO 4016:2011 Hexagon head bolts - Product grade C (ISO 4016:2011)
EN ISO 4016:2022 Fasteners - Hexagon head bolts - Product grade C (ISO 4016:2022)
EN ISO 4017:2014 Fasteners - Hexagon head screws - Product grades A and B (ISO 4017:2014)
EN ISO 4017:2022 Fasteners - Hexagon head screws - Product grades A and B (ISO 4017:2022)
EN ISO 4018:2011 Hexagon head screws - Product grade C (ISO 4018:2011)
EN ISO 4018:2022 Fasteners - Hexagon head screws - Product grade C (ISO 4018:2022)
EN ISO 4032:2012 Hexagon regular nuts (style 1) - Product grades A and B (ISO 4032:2012)
EN ISO 4032:2023 Fasteners - Hexagon regular nuts (style 1) (ISO 4032:2023)
EN ISO 4034:2012 Hexagon regular nuts (style 1) - Product grade C (ISO 4034:2012)
EN ISO 4063:2010 Welding and allied processes - Nomenclature of processes and reference numbers (ISO 4063:2009, Corrected version 2010-03-01)
EN ISO 4063:2023 Welding, brazing, soldering and cutting - Nomenclature of processes and reference numbers (ISO 4063:2023)
EN ISO 4288:1997 Geometrical product specifications (GPS) - Surface texture: Profile method - Rules and procedures for the assessment of surface texture (ISO 4288:1996)
EN ISO 4762:2004 Hexagon socket head cap screws (ISO 4762:2004)
EN ISO 6520-1:2007 Welding and allied processes - Classification of geometric imperfections in metallic materials - Part 1: Fusion welding (ISO 6520-1:2007)
EN ISO 6789-1:2017 Assembly tools for screws and nuts - Hand torque tools - Part 1: Requirements and methods for design conformance testing and quality conformance testing: minimum requirements for declaration of conformance (ISO 6789-1:2017)
EN ISO 6789-2:2017 Assembly tools for screws and nuts - Hand torque tools - Part 2: Requirements for calibration and determination of measurement uncertainty (ISO 6789-2:2017)
EN ISO 7046-2:2011 Countersunk flat head screws (common head style) with type H or type Z cross recess - Product grade A - Part 2: Steel screws of property class 8.8, stainless steel screws and non-ferrous metal screws (ISO 7046-2:2011)
EN ISO 7049:2011 Cross-recessed pan head tapping screws (ISO/FDIS 7049:2011)
EN ISO 7089:2000 Plain washers - Normal series - Product grade A (ISO 7089:2000)
EN ISO 7090:2000 Plain washers, chamfered - Normal series - Product grade A (ISO 7090:2000)
EN ISO 7091:2000 Plain washers - Normal series - Product grade C (ISO 7091:2000)
EN ISO 7093-1:2000 Plain washers - Large series - Part 1: Product grade A (ISO 7093-1:2000)
EN ISO 7093-2:2000 Plain washers - Large series - Part 2: Product grade C (ISO 7093-2:2000)
EN ISO 7094:2000 Plain washers - Extra large series - Product grade C (ISO 7094:2000)
EN ISO 8062-1:2007 Geometrical product specifications (GPS) - Dimensional and geometrical tolerances for moulded parts - Part 1: Vocabulary (ISO 8062-1:2007)
EN ISO 8062-3:2007 Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) - Dimensional and geometrical tolerances for moulded parts - Part 3: General dimensional and geometrical tolerances and machining allowances for castings (ISO 8062-3:2007)
EN ISO 8062-3:2023 Geometrical product specifications (GPS) - Dimensional and geometrical tolerances for moulded parts - Part 3: General dimensional and geometrical tolerances and machining allowances for castings using ± tolerances for indicated dimensions (ISO 8062-3:2023)
EN ISO 898-1:2013 Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel - Part 1: Bolts, screws and studs with specified property classes - Coarse thread and fine pitch thread (ISO 898-1:2013)
EN ISO 898-2:2012 Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel - Part 2: Nuts with specified property classes - Coarse thread and fine pitch thread (ISO 898-2:2012)
EN ISO 898-2:2022 Fasteners - Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel - Part 2: Nuts with specified property classes (ISO 898-2:2022)
EN ISO 9013:2017 Thermal cutting - Classification of thermal cuts - Geometrical product specification and quality tolerances (ISO 9013:2017)
EN ISO 9017:2018 Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials - Fracture test (ISO 9017:2017)
EN ISO 9018:2015 Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials - Tensile test on cruciform and lapped joints (ISO 9018:2015)
EN ISO 9606-2:2004 Qualification test of welders - Fusion welding - Part 2: Aluminium and aluminium alloys (ISO 9606-2:2004)
EN ISO 9712:2012 Non-destructive testing - Qualification and certification of NDT personnel (ISO 9712:2012)
EN ISO 9712:2022 Non-destructive testing - Qualification and certification of NDT personnel (ISO 9712:2021)
ISO 10509:2012 Hexagon flange head tapping screws
ISO 17123-1:2014 Optics and optical instruments -- Field procedures for testing geodetic and surveying instruments -- Part 1: Theory
ISO 17123-3:2001 Optics and optical instruments -- Field procedures for testing geodetic and surveying instruments -- Part 3: Theodolites
ISO 17123-4:2012 Optics and optical instruments -- Field procedures for testing geodetic and surveying instruments -- Part 4: Electro-optical distance meters (EDM measurements to reflectors)
ISO 17123-7:2005 Optics and optical instruments -- Field procedures for testing geodetic and surveying instruments -- Part 7: Optical plumbing instruments
ISO 4463-1:1989 Measurement methods for building -- Setting-out and measurement -- Part 1: Planning and organization, measuring procedures, acceptance criteria
ISO 7976-1:1989 Tolerances for building -- Methods of measurement of buildings and building products -- Part 1: Methods and instruments
ISO 7976-2:1989 Tolerances for building -- Methods of measurement of buildings and building products -- Part 2: Position of measuring points