Additive manufacturing of plastics. Environment, health, and safety. Test method for determination of particle and chemical emission rates from desktop material extrusion 3D printer (ISO 27548:2024)
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This document specifies test methods to determine particle emissions (including ultrafine particles) and specified volatile organic compounds (including aldehydes) from desktop MEX-TRB/P processes often used in non-industrial environments such as school, homes and office spaces in an emission test chamber under specified test conditions. However, these tests do not necessarily accurately predict real-world results. This document specifies a conditioning method using an emission test chamber with controlled temperature, humidity, air exchange rate, air velocity, and procedures for monitoring, storage, analysis, calculation, and reporting of emission rates. This document is intended to cover desktop MEX-TRB/P machine which is typically sized for placement on a desktop, used in non-industrial places like school, home and office space. The primary purpose of this document is to quantify particle and chemical emission rates from desktop MEX-TRB/P machine. However, not all possible emissions are covered by this method. Many feedstocks can release hazardous emissions that are not measured by the chemical detectors prescribed in this document. It is the responsibility of the user to understand the material being extruded and the potential chemical emissions. An example is Poly Vinyl Chloride feedstocks that can potentially emit chlorinated compounds, which cannot be measured by the method described in this document.
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Sisällysluettelo
Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Abbreviated terms and symbols
4.1 Abbreviated terms
4.2 Symbols
5 Method overview
6 Requirements of the instrument for measurement
6.1 General
6.2 General requirements of desktop MEX-TRB/P machine and test specimen
7 ETC conditions and test procedures
7.1 ETC general conditions
7.2 ETC background concentration
7.3 Preparation of ETC and desktop 3D printer
7.4 Pre-extruding phase
7.5 Extruding phase
7.6 Post-extruding phase
7.7 Sampling for particles and chemical substances
7.8 Measurement process
8 Calculation of emission rate
8.1 Calculation of emission rate of particles
8.2 Calculation of volatile organic compounds emission rate
9 Test report
9.1 Data on test condition and method
9.2 Data on filament and desktop 3D printer
9.3 Description on standard test specimen
9.4 Information about test laboratory
9.5 Results
Annex A Standard operating condition of a desktop 3D printer (normative)
Annex B Test specimen (normative)
Annex C Examples of the particle and chemical emission rates (informative)
ISO 16000-3:2022 Indoor air — Part 3: Determination of formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds in indoor and test chamber air — Active sampling method
ISO 16000-6:2021 Indoor air — Part 6: Determination of organic compounds (VVOC, VOC, SVOC) in indoor and test chamber air by active sampling on sorbent tubes, thermal desorption and gas chromatography using MS or MS FID
ISO 16000-9:2024 Indoor air — Part 9: Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds from samples of building products and furnishing — Emission test chamber method
ISO 16000-3:2022 Indoor air — Part 3: Determination of formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds in indoor and test chamber air — Active sampling method
ISO 16000-6:2021 Indoor air — Part 6: Determination of organic compounds (VVOC, VOC, SVOC) in indoor and test chamber air by active sampling on sorbent tubes, thermal desorption and gas chromatography using MS or MS FID
ISO 16000-9:2024 Indoor air — Part 9: Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds from samples of building products and furnishing — Emission test chamber method
ISO 27891:2015 Aerosol particle number concentration — Calibration of condensation particle counters
ISO 554:1976 Standard atmospheres for conditioning and/or testing — Specifications
ISO/ASTM 52900:2021 Additive manufacturing — General principles — Fundamentals and vocabulary
ISO/IEC 28360-1:2021 Information technology — Determination of chemical emission rates from electronic equipment — Part 1: Using consumables