ISO 11819-2:2017 specifies a method of evaluating different road surfaces with respect to their influence on traffic noise, under conditions when tyre/road noise dominates. The interpretation of the results applies to free-flowing traffic travelling on essentially level roads at constant speeds of 40 km/h and upwards, in which cases tyre/road noise is assumed to dominate (although in some countries it is possible that tyre/road noise does not dominate at 40 km/h when the proportion of heavy vehicles is high). For other driving conditions where traffic is not free-flowing, such as at junctions or under heavy acceleration, and where the traffic is congested, the influence of the road surface on noise emission is more complex. This is also the case for roads with high longitudinal gradients and a high proportion of heavy vehicles. A standard method for comparing noise characteristics of road surfaces gives road and environment authorities a tool for establishing common practices or limits as to the use of surfacings meeting certain noise criteria. However, it is not within the scope of this document to suggest such criteria. ISO 11819-1 defines another method: the statistical pass-by (SPB) method. The close-proximity (CPX) method specified in the present document has the same main objectives as the SPB method, but is intended to be used specifically in applications that are complementary to it, such as: - noise characterization of road surfaces at almost any arbitrary site, with the main purpose of checking compliance with a surface specification (an example for conformity of production is suggested in Reference [1]); - checking the acoustic effect of maintenance and condition, e.g. wear of and damage to surfaces, as well as clogging and the effect of cleaning of porous surfaces; - checking the longitudinal and lateral homogeneity of a road section; - the development of quieter road surfaces and research on tyre/road interaction. NOTE This document does not describe the conditions of application for formal purposes of the measurement with the CPX method. Such conditions may be defined in other standards or legal texts. However, suggestions for the applicability of ISO 11819-1 and this document are provided in Annex D. Measurements with the CPX method are faster and more practical than with the SPB method, but are more limited in the sense that it is relevant only in cases where tyre/road noise dominates and power unit noise can be neglected. Furthermore, it cannot take heavy vehicle tyre/road noise into account as fully as the SPB method can, since it uses a light truck tyre as a proxy for heavy vehicle tyres and does not take power unit noise into account. The CPX method specified in this document is intended to measure the properties of road surfaces, not the properties of tyres. If the method is used for research purposes, to provide an indication of differences between tyres, the loads and inflations would normally be adjusted to other values than specified in this document.
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Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
3.1 Road and pavement related definitions
3.2 Measurement methods and equipment
3.3 Acoustic quantities and symbols
3.4 Symbols used for correction terms
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
5 Measurement principle
6 Measuring instruments
6.1 Sound level instrumentation
6.2 Frequency analysis instrumentation
6.3 Sound calibration instrumentation
6.4 Vehicle speed measuring instrumentation
6.5 Position monitoring instrumentation
6.6 Temperature measuring instrumentation
6.7 Tyre load measuring equipment
6.8 Inflation pressure measuring equipment
6.9 Verification of measuring system and measuring instrumentation
7 Test sites
8 Meteorological conditions
8.1 Wind
8.2 Temperature and other weather-related issues
9 Test vehicle
9.1 General design
9.2 Microphone positions and mounting
9.3 Performance requirements and conformity of the test vehicle
9.4 Reference tyres
9.5 Tyre rubber hardness
9.6 Tyre mounting
9.7 Tyre run-in
10 Measurement procedure
10.1 Preparations for measurements
10.2 Measurement of sound
10.3 Procedure for study of typical road section
10.4 Minimum number of runs for very short road sections
10.5 Lateral position on the road
10.6 Longitudinal position on the road
10.7 Consideration of disturbing noise
10.8 Test vehicle speed
10.9 Tyre loads
10.10 Tyre inflation
10.11 Temperature measurement
10.12 Overview and summary
11 Analysis procedure
11.1 Definition of steps in the calculation process
11.2 Results expressed as overall levels
11.3 Results expressed as one-third-octave-band levels
11.4 Correction for analysis of spectral levels
11.5 Acoustic variability
12 Measurement uncertainty assessment according to ISO/IEC Guide 98-3
13 Repeatability and reproducibility: System comparison according to ISO 5725-2
14 Test report
Annex A Certification of the test vehicle (normative)
Annex B Averaging within each road segment (normative)
Annex C Detailed explanation of the calculation procedure (informative)
Annex D Applicability of ISO 11819 methods (informative)
Annex E Guidelines for design and use of the test vehicle (informative)
Annex F Guidelines for measurements (informative)
Annex G Application of the CPX method for surveying large road networks (informative)
Annex H Application of the CPX method for other objectives (informative)
Annex I Summary of measurement parameters (informative)
Annex J Validity and stability of the method (informative)
Annex K Measurement uncertainty (informative)
Annex L Reference road surface (informative)
Annex M Calculation of close-proximity sound indices (informative)
Annex N Summary of measuring and data-processing procedures (informative)
IEC 60942:2003
IEC 61260-1:2014
IEC 61672-1:2013
ISO 11819-1:1997 Acoustics -- Measurement of the influence of road surfaces on traffic noise -- Part 1: Statistical Pass-By method
ISO 5725-2:1994 Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results -- Part 2: Basic method for the determination of repeatability and reproducibility of a standard measurement method
ISO/IEC Guide 98-3:2008 Uncertainty of measurement -- Part 3: Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM:1995)
ISO/TS 11819-3:2017 Acoustics -- Measurement of the influence of road surfaces on traffic noise -- Part 3: Reference tyres
ISO/TS 13471-1:2017 Acoustics -- Temperature influence on tyre/road noise measurement -- Part 1: Correction for temperature when testing with the CPX method