Non-destructive testing. Radiographic inspection of corrosion and deposits in pipes by X. and gamma rays. Part 1: Tangential radiographic inspection (ISO 20769-1:2018)
Tuote ladattavissa hetiToimitusaika on noin 1 - 2 työpäivääToimitusaika on 3 - 5 työpäivää.
This document specifies fundamental techniques of film and digital radiography with the object of enabling satisfactory and repeatable results to be obtained economically. The techniques are based on generally recognized practice and fundamental theory of the subject. This document applies to the radiographic examination of steel pipes for service induced flaws such as corrosion pitting, generalized corrosion and erosion. Besides its conventional meaning, "pipe" as used in this document is understood to cover other cylindrical bodies such as tubes, penstocks, boiler drums and pressure vessels. Weld inspection for typical welding process induced flaws is not covered, but weld inspection is included for corrosion/erosion type flaws. The pipes can be insulated or not, and can be assessed where loss of material due, for example, to corrosion or erosion is suspected either internally or externally. This document covers the tangential inspection technique for detection and through-wall sizing of wall loss, including with the source: a) on the pipe centre line; and b) offset from pipe centre line by the pipe radius. ISO 20769-2 covers double wall radiography, and note that the double wall double image technique is often combined with tangential radiography with the source on the pipe centre line. This document applies to tangential radiographic inspection using industrial radiographic film techniques, computed radiography (CR) and digital detector arrays (DDA).
Tämän julkaisun valmistelusta Suomessa vastaa Metalliteollisuuden Standardisointiyhdistys ry, puh. 09 19 231 (vaihde).
Sisällysluettelo
Foreword
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Classification of radiographic techniques
5 General
5.1 Protection against ionizing radiation
5.2 Personnel qualification
5.3 Identification of radiographs
5.4 Marking
5.5 Overlap of films or digital images
5.6 Types and positions of image quality indicators (IQI)
6 Recommended techniques for making radiographs
6.1 Test arrangements
6.2 Choice of radiation source
6.3 Film systems and metal screens
6.4 Screens and shielding for imaging plates (computed radiography only)
6.5 Reduction of scattered radiation
6.6 Source-to-detector distance
6.7 Axial coverage and overlap
6.8 Dimensional comparators
6.9 Image saturation and use of lead strips to avoid burn-off
6.10 Selection of digital radiographic equipment
7 Radiograph/digital image sensitivity, quality and evaluation
7.1 Evaluation of image quality
7.2 Density of film radiographs
7.3 Film processing
7.4 Film viewing conditions
7.5 Dimensional calibration of radiographs or digital images
7.6 Wall thickness measurements for film radiographs
7.7 Wall thickness measurements for digital radiographs
7.8 Remaining thickness measurements for degradation
8 Digital image recording, storage, processing and viewing
8.1 Scan and read out of image
8.2 Multi radiograph technique
8.3 Calibration of DDAs
8.4 Bad pixel interpolation
8.5 Image processing
8.6 Digital image recording and storage
8.7 Monitor viewing conditions
9 Test report
Annex A Choice of radiation source for different pipes (informative)
Annex B Remaining thickness measurements for internal degradation (informative)
Annex C Remaining thickness measurements for external degradation (informative)
ISO 11699-1:2008 Non-destructive testing -- Industrial radiographic film -- Part 1: Classification of film systems for industrial radiography
ISO 11699-2:2018 Non-destructive testing -- Industrial radiographic films -- Part 2: Control of film processing by means of reference values
ISO 16371-1:2011 Non-destructive testing -- Industrial computed radiography with storage phosphor imaging plates -- Part 1: Classification of systems
ISO 11699-1:2008 Non-destructive testing -- Industrial radiographic film -- Part 1: Classification of film systems for industrial radiography
ISO 11699-2:2018 Non-destructive testing -- Industrial radiographic films -- Part 2: Control of film processing by means of reference values
ISO 16371-1:2011 Non-destructive testing -- Industrial computed radiography with storage phosphor imaging plates -- Part 1: Classification of systems
ISO 19232-5:2018 Non-destructive testing -- Image quality of radiographs -- Part 5: Determination of the image unsharpness and basic spatial resolution value using duplex wire-type image quality indicators
ISO 9712:2012 Non-destructive testing -- Qualification and certification of NDT personnel