Non-destructive testing. Radiographic inspection of corrosion and deposits in pipes by X- and gamma rays. Part 2: Double wall radiographic inspection (ISO 20769-2:2018)
Tuote ladattavissa hetiToimitusaika on noin 1 - 2 työpäivääToimitusaika on 3 - 5 työpäivää.
This document specifies fundamental techniques of film and digital radiography with the object of enabling satisfactory and repeatable results to be obtained economically. The techniques are based on generally recognized practice and fundamental theory of the subject. This document applies to the radiographic examination of pipes in metallic materials for service induced flaws such as corrosion pitting, generalized corrosion and erosion. Besides its conventional meaning, "pipe" as used in this document is understood to cover other cylindrical bodies such as tubes, penstocks, boiler drums and pressure vessels. Weld inspection for typical welding process induced flaws is not covered, but weld inspection is included for corrosion/erosion type flaws. The pipes can be insulated or not, and can be assessed where loss of material due, for example, to corrosion or erosion is suspected either internally or externally. This document covers double wall inspection techniques for detection of wall loss, including double wall single image (DWSI) and double wall double image (DWDI). Note that the DWDI technique described in this document is often combined with the tangential technique covered in ISO 20769-1. This document applies to in-service double wall radiographic inspection using industrial radiographic film techniques, computed digital radiography (CR) and digital detector arrays (DDA).
Tämän julkaisun valmistelusta Suomessa vastaa Metalliteollisuuden Standardisointiyhdistys ry, puh. 09 19 231 (vaihde).
Sisällysluettelo
Foreword
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Classification of radiographic techniques
5 General
5.1 Protection against ionizing radiation
5.2 Personnel qualification
5.3 Identification of radiographs
5.4 Marking
5.5 Overlap of films or digital images
5.6 Types and positions of image quality indicators (IQI)
6 Recommended techniques for making radiographs
6.1 Test arrangements
6.2 Choice of radiation source
6.3 Film systems and screens
6.4 Screens and shielding for imaging plates (computed radiography only)
6.5 Reduction of scattered radiation
6.6 Source-to-detector distance
6.7 Axial coverage and overlap
6.8 Circumference coverage
6.9 Selection of digital radiographic equipment
7 Radiograph/digital image sensitivity, quality and evaluation
7.1 Minimum image quality values
7.2 Density of film radiographs
7.3 Film processing
7.4 Film viewing conditions
8 Measurement of differences in penetrated thickness
8.1 Principle of technique
8.2 Measurement of attenuation coefficient
8.3 Source and detector positioning
8.4 Image grey level profiles
8.5 Validation
8.6 Key points
9 Digital image recording, storage, processing and viewing
9.1 Scan and read out of image
9.2 Calibration of DDAs
9.3 Bad pixel interpolation
9.4 Image processing
9.5 Digital image recording and storage
9.6 Monitor viewing conditions
10 Test report
Annex A Minimum image quality values (normative)
Annex B Penetrated thickness measurements from image grey levels (normative)
Annex C Determination of basic spatial resolution (normative)
EN 14784-1:2005 Non-destructive testing - Industrial computed radiography with storage phosphor imaging plates - Part 1: Classification of systems
ISO 11699-1:2008 Non-destructive testing -- Industrial radiographic film -- Part 1: Classification of film systems for industrial radiography
ISO 11699-2:2018 Non-destructive testing -- Industrial radiographic films -- Part 2: Control of film processing by means of reference values
EN 14784-1:2005 Non-destructive testing - Industrial computed radiography with storage phosphor imaging plates - Part 1: Classification of systems
ISO 11699-1:2008 Non-destructive testing -- Industrial radiographic film -- Part 1: Classification of film systems for industrial radiography
ISO 11699-2:2018 Non-destructive testing -- Industrial radiographic films -- Part 2: Control of film processing by means of reference values
ISO 17636-2:2013 Non-destructive testing of welds -- Radiographic testing -- Part 2: X- and gamma-ray techniques with digital detectors
ISO 19232-1:2013 Non-destructive testing -- Image quality of radiographs -- Part 1: Determination of the image quality value using wire-type image quality indicators
ISO 19232-5:2018 Non-destructive testing -- Image quality of radiographs -- Part 5: Determination of the image unsharpness and basic spatial resolution value using duplex wire-type image quality indicators
ISO 20769-1:2018 Non-destructive testing -- Radiographic inspection of corrosion and deposits in pipes by X- and gamma rays -- Part 1: Tangential radiographic inspection