This document specifies a set of representational primitives and semantic relations needed for an unambiguous representation of explicit time-related expressions in health informatics. This document does not introduce or force a specific ontology of time, nor does it force the use of a fixed representation scheme for such an ontology. Rather this document provides a set of principles for syntactic and semantic representation that allow the comparability of specific ontologies on time, and the exchange of time-related information that is expressed explicitly. This document applies to both the representation of actual phenomena occurring in the real world (e.g. registrations in medical records) and to the description of concepts (e.g. medical knowledge bases). This document is applicable to a) developers of medical information systems where there might be a need for explicit time-related concepts for internal organization (e.g. temporal data bases, temporal reasoning systems), b) information modellers or knowledge engineers building models for the systems mentioned in a), c) experts involved in the development of semantic standards on precise subdomains in health care where time-related information needs to be covered, (e.g. in the study of pathochronology, i.e. the discipline dealing with the time course of specific diseases), and d) developers of interchange formats for messages in which time-related information is embedded. This document is not intended to be used directly for — representing what is true in time, — reasoning about time, or — representation of metrological time.
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Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Explicit semantic labelling of predicational components
4.1 General
4.2 Labelling of temporal expressions
4.3 Labelling of basic temporal links
4.4 Labelling of complex temporal links
4.5 Temporal comparators
5 Characteristics of conformance
5.1 Provisions for conformance specification
5.2 Basic guidelines
5.3 LSS: Level of semantic specification
5.4 LRE: level of recursive embedding of time-related information
5.5 LDR: level of deictic referential complexity
5.6 LDC: level of relative deictic referential complexity
5.7 LQI: level of formal rigour of temporal expressions
Annex A BNF description of the syntax used in the standard predications of this document (informative)
ISO 80000-3:2006 Quantities and units -- Part 3: Space and time
ISO 8601-1:2019 Date and time -- Representations for information interchange -- Part 1: Basic rules
ISO 8601-2:2019 Date and time -- Representations for information interchange -- Part 2: Extensions
ISO 80000-3:2006 Quantities and units -- Part 3: Space and time
ISO 8601-1:2019 Date and time -- Representations for information interchange -- Part 1: Basic rules
ISO 8601-2:2019 Date and time -- Representations for information interchange -- Part 2: Extensions