Soil quality. Leaching procedures for subsequent chemical and ecotoxicological testing of soil and soil-like materials. Part 3: Up-flow percolation test (ISO 21268-3:2019)
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This document specifies a test, which is aimed at determining the leaching behaviour of inorganic and organic substances from a soil and soil-like materials. The method is a once-through up-flow percolation test under standardized conditions of flow rate. The material is leached under dynamic hydraulic conditions. The document has been developed to measure the release of inorganic and organic substances from soil and soil-like material as well as to produce eluates for subsequent ecotoxicological testing. For ecotoxicological testing, see ISO 15799[6] and ISO 17616[7]. The test results enable the distinction between different release patterns, for instance wash-out and release under the influence of interaction with the matrix, when approaching local equilibrium between material and leachant. This test method produces eluates, which can subsequently be characterized by physical, chemical and ecotoxicological methods in accordance with existing standard methods. The results of eluate analysis are presented as a function of the liquid/solid (L/S) ratio. The test is not suitable for substances that are volatile under ambient conditions. NOTE 1 Volatile organic substances include the low-molecular-weight substances in mixtures such as mineral oil. NOTE 2 It is not always possible to optimize test conditions simultaneously for inorganic and organic substances and optimum test conditions can also vary between different groups of organic substances. Test requirements for organic substances are generally more stringent than those for inorganic substances. The test conditions suitable for measuring the release of organic substances will generally also be applicable to inorganic substances. NOTE 3 Within the category of organic substances, a significant difference in behaviour exists between the more polar, relatively water-soluble compounds and apolar, hydrophobic organic substances (HOCs). In the latter case, mechanisms of release (e.g. particle-bound or dissolved organic carbon-bound) can be more crucial as well as sorption losses of soluble HOCs on different materials with which they come in contact (e.g. bottles, filters). The test and the results should be used for leaching of organic substances only with thorough consideration of the specific properties of the substances in question and the associated potential problems. NOTE 4 For ecotoxicological testing, eluates representing the release of both inorganic and organic substances are needed. In this document, ecotoxicological testing is also meant to include genotoxicological testing. NOTE 5 The test is generally not suitable for soils with hydraulic conductivities below 10-8 m/s (see also Annex B). It can be difficult to maintain the designated flow rate already in the range of saturated hydraulic conductivity between 10-7 m/s and 10-8 m/s. The application of this test method alone is not sufficient for the determination of the leaching behaviour of a material under specified conditions different to those from the test procedure, since this generally requires the application of several test methods, behavioural modelling and model validation. This document does not address issues related to health and safety. It only determines the leaching properties as outlined in Clause 4.
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Sisällysluettelo
Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Principle
5 Reagents and materials
6 Apparatus
7 Sample pre-treatment
7.1 Preparation of laboratory sample and specification of particle size
7.2 Preparation of the test sample
7.3 Test portion
7.4 Determination of dry matter content
8 Procedure
8.1 Temperature
8.2 Preparation of the eluent
8.3 Preparation of the column
8.4 Packing of the column
8.5 Start of the test
8.6 Sample Collection and Liquid/Solid separation step
8.7 Collection of additional eluate fractions
8.8 Further preparation of the eluates for analysis
8.9 Blank test
9 Calculation
10 Test report
11 Analytical determination
11.1 General
11.2 Blank test information
12 Performance characteristics
12.1 General
12.2 Validation trials performed in Japan
12.3 Validation results obtained in Germany (DIN 19528[5])
Annex A Suggestions for packing the column, water saturationand establishment of equilibrium conditions (informative)
Annex B Justification of the choices made in developing the test procedure (informative)
Annex C Calculation of centrifugation duration depending on centrifugation speed and rotor dimensions (informative)
Annex D Additional information on robustness testing and validation results based on waste materials (informative)
ISO 10523:2008 Water quality -- Determination of pH
ISO 11465:1993 Soil quality -- Determination of dry matter and water content on a mass basis -- Gravimetric method
ISO 3696:1987 Water for analytical laboratory use -- Specification and test methods
ISO 10523:2008 Water quality -- Determination of pH
ISO 11465:1993 Soil quality -- Determination of dry matter and water content on a mass basis -- Gravimetric method
ISO 3696:1987 Water for analytical laboratory use -- Specification and test methods
ISO 5667-3:2018 Water quality -- Sampling -- Part 3: Preservation and handling of water samples
ISO 5725-1:1994 Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results -- Part 1: General principles and definitions
ISO 5725-2:1994 Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results -- Part 2: Basic method for the determination of repeatability and reproducibility of a standard measurement method
ISO 7027-1:2016 Water quality -- Determination of turbidity -- Part 1: Quantitative methods