Soil quality. Leaching procedures for subsequent chemical and ecotoxicological testing of soil and soil-like materials. Part 4: Influence of pH on leaching with initial acid/base addition (ISO 21268-4:2019)
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This document specifies a test to obtain information on the short- and long-term leaching behaviour and characteristic properties of materials. The document has been developed to measure the pH-dependent release of inorganic and organic substances from soil and soil-like material as well as to produce eluates for subsequent ecotoxicological testing. For ecotoxicological testing, see ISO 15799 and ISO 17616. The equilibrium condition, as defined in this document, is established by the addition of predetermined amounts of acid or base to reach desired final pH values. NOTE 1 Volatile organic substances include the low molecular weight substances in mixtures such as mineral oil. NOTE 2 It is not always possible to optimize test conditions simultaneously for inorganic and organic substances and optimum test conditions can also vary between different groups of organic substances. Test requirements for organic substances are generally more stringent than those for inorganic substances. The test conditions suitable for measuring the release of organic substances will generally also be applicable to inorganic substances. NOTE 3 Within the category of organic substances, a significant difference in behaviour exists between the more polar, relatively water-soluble compounds and apolar, hydrophobic organic substances (HOCs). In the latter case, mechanisms of release (e.g. particle-bound or dissolved organic carbon-bound) can be more crucial as well as sorption losses of soluble HOCs on different materials with which they come in contact (e.g. bottles, filters). The test and the results should be used for leaching of organic substances only with thorough consideration of the specific properties of the substances in question and the associated potential problems. NOTE 4 For ecotoxicological testing, eluates representing the release of both inorganic and organic substances are needed. In this document, ecotoxicological testing is meant to include genotoxicological testing. The test method produces eluates, which can subsequently be characterized by physical, chemical and ecotoxicological methods in accordance with existing standard methods. The test is not suitable for substances that are volatile under ambient conditions. For the purposes of ecotoxicological tests, the relevant pH range (see 8.2) will usually be pH 5 to pH 9. This test is mainly aimed at being used for routine and control purposes, and it cannot be used alone to describe all leaching properties of a soil. Additional leaching tests are needed for that extended goal. This document does not address issues related to health and safety. It only determines the leaching properties outlined in Clause 5.
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Sisällysluettelo
Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Principle
5 Reagents
6 Apparatus
7 Sample pretreatment
7.1 Preparation of laboratory sample and specification of particle size
7.2 Preparation of test sample
7.3 Determination of the dry matter content and of water content
7.4 Preparation of the test portion
8 Procedure
8.1 Contact time
8.2 pH-range
8.3 Leaching test
8.4 Natural pH
8.5 Further preparation of the eluate for analysis
8.6 Blank test
9 Calculation
10 Test report
11 Analytical determination
11.1 General
11.2 Blank test information
12 Performance characteristics
Annex A Example of a specific liquid-solid separation procedure for soil samples (informative)
Annex B Operation and uses of the test — Influence of pH on the leaching behaviour (informative)
Annex C Preliminary determination of the acid/base consumption (informative)
Annex D Repeatability and reproducibility data (informative)
Annex E Calculation of centrifugation duration depending on centrifugation speed and rotor dimensions (informative)
ISO 10523:2008 Water quality -- Determination of pH
ISO 11465:1993 Soil quality -- Determination of dry matter and water content on a mass basis -- Gravimetric method
ISO 3696:1987 Water for analytical laboratory use -- Specification and test methods
ISO 10523:2008 Water quality -- Determination of pH
ISO 11465:1993 Soil quality -- Determination of dry matter and water content on a mass basis -- Gravimetric method
ISO 3696:1987 Water for analytical laboratory use -- Specification and test methods
ISO 5667-3:2018 Water quality -- Sampling -- Part 3: Preservation and handling of water samples
ISO 7027-1:2016 Water quality -- Determination of turbidity -- Part 1: Quantitative methods