This document specifies the determination of radium-226 (226Ra) and radium-228 (228Ra) activity concentrations in drinking water samples by chemical separation of radium and its measurement using liquid scintillation counting. Massic activity concentrations of 226Ra and 228Ra which can be measured by this test method utilizing currently available liquid scintillation counters go down to 0,01 Bq/kg for 226Ra and 0,06 Bq/kg for 228Ra for a 0,5 kg sample mass and a 1 h counting time in a low background liquid scintillation counter[8]. The test method can be used for the fast detection of contamination of drinking water by radium in emergency situations.
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Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and units
3.1 Terms and definitions
3.2 Symbols, definitions and units
4 Principle
5 Reagents and equipment
5.1 Reagents
5.2 Equipment
6 Sampling
7 Instrument set-up and calibration
7.1 Optimization of counting conditions
7.2 Counting efficiencies of 226Ra and 228Ra
7.3 Blank sample measurement
8 Procedure
8.1 General
8.2 Separation of radium by precipitation
8.3 Purification of radium
8.4 Test sample preparation
8.5 Measurement
8.6 Chemical recovery
9 Quality control
10 Expression of results
10.1 Calculation of massic activities of 226Ra and 228Ra at the sampling date
10.2 Standard uncertainty
10.3 Decision threshold
10.4 Detection limit
10.5 Confidence limits
11 Interference control
12 Test report
Annex A Flow chart of the procedure (informative)
Annex B Decay series relevant to radium isotopes (informative)
Annex C Set-up parameters and procedure (informative)
ISO 3696:1987 Water for analytical laboratory use -- Specification and test methods
ISO 5667-1:2006 Water quality -- Sampling -- Part 1: Guidance on the design of sampling programmes and sampling techniques
ISO 5667-3:2018 Water quality -- Sampling -- Part 3: Preservation and handling of water samples
ISO 3696:1987 Water for analytical laboratory use -- Specification and test methods
ISO 5667-1:2006 Water quality -- Sampling -- Part 1: Guidance on the design of sampling programmes and sampling techniques
ISO 5667-3:2018 Water quality -- Sampling -- Part 3: Preservation and handling of water samples
ISO 80000-10 Quantities and units -- Part 10: Atomic and nuclear physics
ISO 80000-10:2019 Quantities and units — Part 10: Atomic and nuclear physics
ISO/IEC 17025:2017 General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories
ISO/IEC Guide 98-3:2008 Uncertainty of measurement -- Part 3: Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM:1995)